The radiation of the orchid family probably took place in a comparatively short period in comparison to that of most flowering plant families, which had already started to diversify in the Mid-Cretaceous [5]. The time of origin of orchids is in dispute, although Dressler suggested that they originated 80 to 40 million years ago (late Cretaceous to late Eocene). Perhaps the only general statement that can be made about the origin of orchids is that most extant groups are probably very young. Recently, the origin of the Orchidaceae was dated using a fossil orchid and its pollinator; the authors [6] showed that the most recent common ancestor of extant orchids lived in the late Cretaceous (76-84 Mya).

 According to molecular phylogenetic studies, Orchidaceae comprise five subfamilies, including Apostasioideae, Cypripedioideae, Vanilloideae, Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae.

They are known for their diversity of specialized reproductive and ecological strategies. For successful reproduction, the production of labellum and gynostemium (a fused structure of androecium and gynoecium) to facilitate pollination is well documented and the co-evolution of orchid flowers and pollinators is well known [7-8]. In addition, mature pollen grains packaged as pollinia, pollination-regulated ovary/ovule development, synchronized timing of micro- and mega-gametogenesis for effective fertilization, and the release of thousands or millions of immature embryos (seeds without endosperm) in a mature capsule may also account for the especially successful evolutionary progress of orchids [9]. However, despite their unique developmental reproductive biology, as well as specialized pollination and ecological strategies, orchids remain under-represented in molecular studies relative to other species-rich plant families [10].

 Orchids are one of the most ecological and evolutionary significant plants, and the Orchidaceae is one of the most abundant families in angiosperm. The genetic databases will be useful not only for gene discovery but future genomic annotation. For this purpose, OrchidBase was established for providing sequenced orchid genome information as well as transcriptomes collected from various tissues of different orchid species. OrchidBase architecture is composed of a web interface, a SQL Server database management system and a windows application. The web interface is implemented in static HTML pages and the latest .NET (Microsoft .NET framework 4.62) software technology. The OrchidBase was developed in part on the basis of Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture principles. More specifically, the solution was developed by using the ASP.NET MVC 4 framework and coded with Visual C# programming language, which is dynamically executed for querying the database. IIS 6.0 on the Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Standard is adopted for main system operation. Genome Browser is visualized under Apache web Server on the Ubuntu 16.04. In addition, based on XML and simple object access protocol (SOAP) Web Services, the system also offers a web-service interface. For storing and managing collected sequence information and the annotation data, the SQL Server 2012 system is adopted. The windows application executes a sequence analysis, and Perl and the C# program are applied to automatically parse data and construct the database. A number of open source tools and technologies were used for improving database coverage, the user interface and system performance. The interactive data visualization web page is based on D3 and ASP.NET MVC. For building a web-based visualization and presenting data in an interactive and convenient way with maximum compatibility, D3.js, the powerful JavaScript toolkit, was applied to create cross-platform vector graphics. The JBrowse is applied to navigate orchid genomes. JBrowse is the AJAX-based browsers helping preserve the user's sense of location by avoiding discontinuous transitions, instead offering smoothly animated panning, zooming, navigation, and track selection. Consequently, the establishment of OrchidBase will provide researchers a high-quality genetic resource for data-mining and facilitate efficient experimental studies on orchid biology and biotechnology.